Crime, Drugs, and Violence Top Concerns in Uruguay’s Election

As Uruguayans prepare to vote in the first round of presidential elections on October 27, security has emerged as a pivotal issue, with candidates shifting toward the center and debating whether prevention or suppression offers the best solution to escalating crime.

Despite Uruguay’s strong economy, low inflation, and a steady decline in certain crime rates, security remains a top concern, driven by rising violence and the nation’s increasing role in the international cocaine trade. 

Montevideo’s port, situated at the end of the Paraná-Paraguay waterway, has become a significant transit point for cocaine. Criminal groups are no longer just passing containers through the port, but are actively stockpiling and loading drugs on Uruguayan soil, intensifying concerns about the nation’s involvement in global trafficking. 

Uruguay’s overcrowded prisons house members of major criminal organizations, and the worsening inhumane conditions have sparked concerns that prison gangs may emerge. Meanwhile, Uruguay’s anti-money laundering institutions remain understaffed and ineffective. 

Although break-ins have decreased, violent robberies surged starting in 2018 and still pose a threat, alongside the persistent issue of drug-related violence. Public outrage has intensified as children have been killed in shootouts, highlighting the gap between economic stability and unresolved security issues.

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Though there are more than ten parties in the race, three candidates from traditional parties are leading: Álvaro Delgado of the ruling National Party (Partido Nacional – PN); Andrés Ojeda of the Colorado Party (Partido Colorado – PC), part of a right-wing coalition; and Yamandú Orsi from the leftist opposition Broad Front (Frente Amplio – FA). If no candidate secures a majority in the first round, a runoff will be held on November 24. Voting is mandatory. The winner will serve a five-year term. 

Uruguay has earned global recognition for its progressive drug policies, notably as the first country in the world to fully legalize marijuana. But in this election, candidates have proposed harsher anti-drug measures, focusing more on policing and penalization.

Álvaro Delgado	Andrés Ojeda	Yamandú Orsi
Policies	Policies	Policies
Multi-force team inspired by the Italian anti-mafia model to combat organized crime and drug trafficking; border and port protection.	Increase the presence of the State and its programs in marginalized neighborhoods and education centers, including prevention schemes and care of children and adolescents with delinquent family members.	New government bodies that are dedicated to investigating organized crime, neighborhood crime, border security, and other complex criminal cases.
Unify institutions to combat money laundering and implement the Undercover Financial Agent concept.	Create new institutions and strategies to combat organized crime and money laundering, decentralize National Secretariat for Anti-Money Laundering, and more power to the Specialized Prosecutor’s Office.	Increase transparency in donations and the salaries of politicians, and strengthen anti-money laundering institutions, limit direct appointments.
Update regulations and penalties, create a Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, and improve the prison system by allocating a large budget through reform.	Decentralize and reform the penitentiary system, train prison officials through competitive examinations, and create a Ministry of Justice and Human Rights.	Emphasize social integration and prevention and provide a dignified life for prisoners. Tackle prison overcrowding and prioritize non-custodial measures, create a Ministry of Justice and Human Rights.
Supports night raids. Wants to professionalize and strengthen the police force with emphasis on quality of life, mental health and gender violence, improve investigations, police stations, equipment and training; expand the Republican Guard.	Supports night raids. Wants tougher penalties, support for law enforcement, strengthen police stations, increase salaries and training, strengthen the Republican Guard and expand technologies, especially to combat cyber crime.	Opposed to night raids. Wants to have more video surveillance cameras with facial identification systems and the territorial deployment of the Ministry of the Interior (more patrols and personnel).
Strengthen international cooperation, promote urbanization, more technology, more “internal control”.	Border protection, Problem Oriented Community Policing (PCOP), victim surveys.	Better conditions for police officers (national professionalization plan), university students in police stations.

All three candidates are committed to expanding current policies. They plan to strengthen the Republican Guard, Uruguay’s domestic security special force, and enhance police training and equipment. Mental health within the police force is a priority for each candidate, with proposed initiatives to address high suicide rates, along with housing programs, medical checkups, and improvements in mental health services for officers.

Community policing is another focal point. Delgado aims to restructure the community policing model, Ojeda seeks to strengthen problem-oriented community policing, and Orsi wants increased police presence through solutions grounded in “community participation.”

Emiliano Rojido, a criminology professor at the Universidad de la República, summarized the proposals as “more budget, more technology — which has become a fetish — more police, more prisons, more sentences.”

Political scientist and analyst Mauro Casa noted a lack of innovative public policy proposals from the candidates.

Voters have reacted to their plans with “apathy, dissatisfaction, and resignation,” Casa told InSight Crime.

Álvaro Delgado – National Party

Álvaro Delgado, the candidate from the ruling National Party, advocates for a tougher, more repressive approach to tackling organized crime. 

Originally trained as a veterinarian, Delgado’s political journey began as a secretary to a popular party figure. He later ascended through the ranks, serving in both houses of parliament and the Labor and Social Security Ministry, before current President Luis Lacalle Pou appointed him chief of staff.

Delgado’s key proposal is the creation of a Joint Special Group Against Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking, modeled after Italy’s multi-agency anti-mafia strategy. He backs the contentious approval of night raids, which will be decided in a referendum on election day. Proponents argue the raids are an important tool for catching criminals off guard, while critics warn they heighten the risks to both police and civilians in marginalized neighborhoods. Delgado also wants to toughen penalties for crimes like gang-related homicides and large-scale drug trafficking. 

He proposes new laws targeting criminal organizations, introducing new, harsher charges for participating in drug trafficking groups and special protective measures for witnesses and experts in organized crime cases.

In addition, Delgado plans to reform the prison system by promising a “significant budget increase,” the creation of a new ministry, and improved coordination between state agencies. 

To combat financial crimes, he advocates merging the National Secretariat for Anti-Money Laundering (Lavado de Activos y el Financiamiento del Terrorismo – Senaclaft) and the Financial Information and Analysis Unit (Unidad de Información y Análisis Financiero – UIAF), alongside employing undercover financial agents.

His security strategy aims to bolster Uruguay’s fight against organized crime on all fronts and extends to strengthening border and port defenses, enhancing international police cooperation, and promoting urban development as a crime prevention measure. 

Andrés Ojeda – Colorado Party

Ojeda’s platform focuses heavily on crime prevention and reinforcing police actions within the framework of the law.

A lawyer by trade, Ojeda rose to media prominence through his work on high-profile cases and as the legal representative for the police union. His political career includes serving as a councilor in Montevideo for the Colorado Party from 2010 to 2015, and advising other politicians on security matters.

His program emphasizes prevention, proposing community ties through security and coexistence committees, enhancing school safety with technology and community policing, integrating crime prevention into curricula, conducting victimization surveys, and establishing rehabilitation centers and special programs for children and adolescents affected by family crime involvement.

“There are nods to the center. Actors have learned that if you don’t address the root causes of crime, there’s no way to stop it,” Casa said, reflecting on the shift towards preventive strategies even in right-wing harder-line policies.

In the battle against organized crime, Ojeda plans to develop a National Security Audit with the support of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), identifying vulnerabilities and creating a National Strategy Against Organized Crime. Like Delgado, Ojeda backs night raids as part of his plan.

On the issue of money laundering, Ojeda advocates decentralizing Senaclaft and establishing the General Directorate for Combating Money Laundering within the National Police’s Investigations Division. He also seeks to strengthen ties with Interpol and the US Drug Enforcement Administration.

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His prison reform plan includes gradually transferring inmates to a larger number of smaller, more manageable facilities. He also aims to significantly increase human resources in the prison system, ensure universal healthcare, and develop alternatives to imprisonment.

The Colorado Party is divided between conflicting approaches to crime, however. Within Ojeda’s team, tensions have emerged as the hardline, punitive stance championed by former prosecutor Gustavo Zubía clashes with the more prevention-oriented strategy proposed by criminologist Diego Sanjurjo, a security policy specialist working in the interior ministry. The return of former Senator Pedro Bordaberry, bringing his own vision to the table, has only deepened these divisions, causing rifts not only within the party itself but also across the broader coalition.

Yamandú Orsi – Broad Front

Yamandú Orsi, the most left-leaning candidate, centers his security plan on expanding state capacity to combat crime. 

A former history teacher and member of the Popular Participation Movement (Movimiento de Participación Popular – MPP) within the leftist Broad Front coalition, Orsi has been framed as a political successor to former President José Mujica, who took a progressive approach against organized crime, legalizing marijana and building houses for low-income families.

His platform is built on three pillars: economic stability and growth, social protection, and enhanced security. The Broad Front attributes rising crime to social inequality and systemic economic failures, arguing that lack of personal development and income-generating opportunities leads young people to crime, violence, and drug trafficking.

However, a development-focused approach to combating organized crime proved ineffective during the previous Broad Front administration, according to Rojido. “Uruguay saw general improvements in social and economic indicators during the left-wing governments, but there was also a significant increase in violence and crime.”

To go beyond social development, Orsi promises to bolster the state’s presence and invest heavily in organized crime-fighting resources. This includes ramping up surveillance with more cameras, using facial recognition, and deploying interior ministry forces across Uruguay.

Reflecting the Broad Front’s shift toward centrist and tougher stances on crime, Orsi proposes new institutions to investigate organized crime, drug trafficking, border security, and complex cases. Like his rivals, he seeks to strengthen money laundering investigations but adds a focus on transparency in political donations, which could reveal corruption or criminal influence in campaigns.

The Broad Front “has shifted toward the center and a hardline approach, a paradigm shift for the left, associated with the years the FA was in government,” according to Casa.

Featured Image: Álvaro Delgado from the National Party, Yamandú Orsi from the Broad Front and Andrés Ojeda from the Colorado Party are the front-runners in this month’s presidential election in Uruguay.